 By adding the well known KDEL retention or sorting signal to vector ImpactVector1.2 we created vector ImpactVector1.3. With this vector proteins are retained in the ER and do not go downstream into Golgi. ER retention has a practical advantage in that it has been reported to improve expression levels 5-fold or more. The main reason for this appears to be that the ER contains lower concentrations and/or different proteases responsible for post translational degradation of expressed proteins (Outchkourov et al. 2003).
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